Abstract
This paper examines the employment inclusion of people living with chronic illnesses and transplant recipients, highlighting the legal uncertainty produced by the fragmented Italian regulatory framework. It outlines current labour‑law protections and shows how, also due to the “forced” reliance on disability categories in EU case law, many safeguards have developed through interpretative extensions rather than coherent legislation. Building on the supranational affirmation of the biopsychosocial model of disability, the essay analyses the innovations introduced by Legislative Decree No. 62/2024 and reflects on the conditions for sustainable employment through risk‑minimisation and workplace adaptation.